An essential tool for the study and research in life sciences and medicine is the microscope, the basic instrument for the observation of small organisms and their structures as in the case of bacteria, protozoa and unicellular fungi. Microscope The term comes from Greek, meaning small mikro skop referred to the vision. The invention of the microscope is discussed, while Italian named Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), the Dutch show the optician Zacharias Janssen (1580-1638).
The microscope is the instrument used in laboratories studying microorganisms. Its purpose is to amplify the image of a small object. There are two types of microscopes: the optical and electronic. Experienced
and almost playing with different lenses were invented, by chance, the first microscope, the optical instrument in a very rudimentary structure, consisting of a tube 8 cm. lenses at the ends. It was also a Dutchman, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1623-1723) who succeeded in perfecting
able to observe the microscopic organisms in stagnant water such as Paramecium and other, spermatozoa and bacteria. The breakthrough in the history of the microscope happens with the appearance of the electron microscope where the light is replaced by electrons and lens by magnetic fields. The first electron microscope is due to Canadian physicist James Hillier. The resolution of the microscope has been refined over the years coming up to extend the image of the microorganisms to 100 million times.
microscopes are essential in the process of scientific research and industrial sector. There are multiple uses and applications of the microscope, for example in the field of medicine has advanced knowledge of diseases and therefore in the process of developing measures
preventive and curative. Forensic also has benefited from the use of the microscope is used as the solve crimes. in disciplines such as geology and archeology are used to analyze pieces of rock and identify archaeological properties of the objects found in this case the microscope is modified in structure called a stereoscope.
Other fields where the microscope has played a leading role was in Food and Food Processing, Biotechnology and Industrial Research.
